Pneumatic tool



May 31, 1932; w. wv PRICE ET AL PNEUMATIC TOOL Filed Oct. 19, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 "CHaRLE-sW./?1.Psor1,

MaL 31, 1932.

W. W. PRICE ET AL Filed 001:. 19, 1928 PNEUMAT T G TOOL 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 a Jnuempr/ YYlLLmm, W PRICE, OHaRLEsWKIPscH,

May 31, 1932. w. w. PRICE ET AL PNEUMATIC TOOL Filed OQL. 19 1928 II! T 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 VV/LL/AM WPR/QEQ CHaRLEsWR/PsoH,

UNITE STATES p EN 1,

WILLIAM w. PRICE AND CHARLES-W. RIPSGEOE DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNORS To THE BUCKEYE ronreenn TOOL COMPANY, or DAYTON, o -iio, A oonrona'rron or OHIO I p PNEUMATIC 'rooL Application filed October is, was. Isms no. 313,503.

This inventionrelates toimprovements in air driven tools or implements designed to ro mm at high speeds, for the purpose of operating emery wheels, drills and other similar tools.

This invention particularly relates to an improved structure for the control of the ad mission of air to the air chambers. The valve for the admission of air is constructed in such a way as to gradually admit air so there is no sudden and abrupt starting of the device.

It is also a purpose of this invention to construct a device of this kindin whichthe air passage is-made smooth and free from ob-- structing matter that might catch foreign particles in the air and finally clog up the air passage. This is done by providing a metal tube as part ofthe air passage, and casting the handle part around the tube in the process of manufacture. a

It is a further object of this invention to provide a loose connectionbetween the operating device and the operated part so that by removing pressure from the handle the tool may be operatively separated and having a connection which provides means whereby the tool may be changed from a loosely connected one to one in which the operating and operated p arts are operatively attached at all times.

For the purpose of illustration there is shown one, and the prefered embodiment ofthis invention, in the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings:' p

Figure 1 is a face view of the device show ing the tool as a whole.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing the preferred.

form of device and showing the looseconnection between the driving and the driven parts of the tool.

ure 2, but showing the permanent connection between the driving and the driven parts.

Figure 4 is a cross section through. the cyl inder and a five blade rotor at or near the beginning of the air pressure on the piston.

Figure 5 is a similar view, but with a three- 'Fi'gure 6 is an end view of'the device'shown;

in Figure 1, looking in the direction of the chuck member; 1

Figure 7 is alongitudinalsection showing aform of'the device having a modified air inlet and a modified tool connection from that shown in Figure 1.

Figure 8 is a top planvi'ew ofthe device as" shown in Figure 7, lookingin the direction of the. air inlet'pas'sage'. 2 Figure 9 is a View showing the inner end of the chuck and its surrounding sleeve. I Figure 10 is an edge View of the gear that operates the tool.

Figure 11 is a side. view of the same gear, showing the clutch mechanism. i

' Figure I2Iis a modified form of air inlet I passage with its air-control means.

This implement isconstructed in two separate and distinct sections, one a driving sec tion and the other a, driven section, "The drivingme nber is composed of a handlecon= structed' to control the admission of airinto' a cylinder, a cylinder, a rotor in the cylin der, and means .for prop'erly securing the rotor in the cylinder. in a rotatingLcondition. The rotor is also provided with a shaft adapted to connect with the drivenelements The connection means on the shaft shown in Figure 2 is a gear, indicated by the numeral The driven element is composedof a cas means between the driven shaft and the shaft of. the rotor. Thls connection may. be as shown in Figure 2, or it may be a direct coning having therein 'a shaft, a connecting nectionbetweenthe rotor shaft and the shaft the driven member as shown inFigure 7.

V In an implement of this kind, constructed in sections, the parts of one are interchangeable with those of another, the driven sec- Figure 3 1s a section View similar to F1g-' tion being attached to the driving section by means of screws, or any other suitable means I may be detached and replaced byanother',

form.

By constructing the toolinfthis manner the driven section adapted to the work to be performed maybe selected and attached to the driving section.

By referring to the drawings, especially to Figures 1 and 2, it beseen thatthe tool consists essentially of three features or parts, the handle section, indicated by the numeral 1, the driving section 2, and the driven section 3. Extending from one side.

of the driven section is ,an auxiliary handle 3. This handle is adapted to be gripped by the left hand of the operator while the right hand grips the handle part, indicated by the numeral 1.

As indicated by Figure 2 there is an air .inlet passage 4 which extends entirely through, indicated by the numeral 7. This I air passage communicates with the main air that, due to the action of the spring, the

through the handle and at right angles to the main body of the tool. One end of this air passage is screw threaded, as indicated by the numeral 5, for the purpose of receiving'a plug 6, which also hasfan air passage therepassage in the handle. 7

The plug 6 is in screw threaded engagement with the handle, and after it has been fully and completely seated it is locked against turning by means of a key 8, shown in Figure 2. The outer end of the plug 6 is screw threaded and adapted to receive thereon a cap member 9, which has a screw threaded opening 10 in the end for the reception of an air tube.

Between the cap member 9' and the plug 6 there is a washer 11,and between the outer end of the plug 6 and the inside part of the cap 9 there is a strainer 12. The purpose of this strainer is to catch any dust or other foreign particles that might be in the air and might, in any way, interfere with the proper operation of the device.

Fitting within the inlet passage 4 there is a' sleeve or bushing member 13, which is adapted to cooperate with aplunger for the admission of air into the rotor of the device. Fitting within this sleeve there is a plunger 14, which has in one end an opening for the admission of air. The other endof this plunger is closed.

scribed.

The open end of the plunger is closed by means of'a screwthreaded plug 16,'and' between; this plug 16 and the shoulder 18v on theplug 6 there is aspring 17, whichtends to move the plunger 14 up, as indicated in Flgure 2, but this movement is limited by means of a shoulder 19, which contactswith" one end of the sleeve 13 and forms therewith aclosure to prevent the leakage of air through the valve. It is therefore apparent plunger 14 isheldin the extreme closed elevated position and remains in that positionf until acted upon for the purpose of moving it.

Nearthe pluggedend ofthe plunger 14 there is a'seriesof diametrically arranged holes 20. These holesmay bein any number but in the present instance they are represented as being four in number.

The open end is in the direction of the air passages, heretofore de- These holes are arranged in progressive relation with each other so that as the plunger is pressed for the admission of air, the air will first be admitted into one hole, and successively into the holes until'all of the holes are open for the admission of air into the opening 15, from which the air is admitted through opening 21 into the tube 23.

The hole 21 is situated in relation to the holes 20 in such a wa-y'that as air is admitted through the first one ofthe holes 20, the hole 21 is open, orthis hole 21Vmay be soarranged that the air is not immediately admitted into it but is admitted only after the first hole 20 is slightly opened.

I By this arrangement there is provided a valve that combines the features of both a poppet valve and a cylindrical valve, whereby a valve is providedthat-seals perfectly and that admits air gradually, and one that When this opening 21 is moved Figure 2,

due to pressure .on the valve, it is brought into alignment with a hole 21, which passes through the part of the handle between the inlet passage 4 and the air passage 22 formed in the handle adjacent the air passage 4. This air passage 22 is formed from'a tube of metal having each end mashed so that the sides are in close contact with each other, as

indicated by the numeral 22.

, After this tube has been thus formed, with the ends thus closed, the metal that forms the body'of the handle is cast around the tube, thereby causing the tube to be permanently embedded in the metal composing the handle of the device. This tube is indicated by the reference numeral 23. The end of the tube,'

near the rotor, is bored out and leads into an air passage 24, leading to the rotor.

For the purpose of operating the plunger 14 there is provided a lever 25., which is suitably located in aslot 25- inthe handle part ofthe device. This lever, near oneend, has an elongated slot 26 through which there passes a pin 27. This pin'serves as pivot around which the lever works and on which the lever may have longitudinal movement, due to the elongated slot 26. V

Extending from one side of the lever 25 there is an arm 28, which engages theorter or closed end of the plunger 14 for the pur pose of operating the plunger to open or, close the passages 20 and 21. Near the other end I of the slot 25 there is a pin 29, similar to pin iii?) 27, which isadapted to engage a notch 30 in the other end of the lever. 25, and hold the lever in engagement with the plunger 14 so that the air passages are continually open from, the air hose into and through the air passage 24 to the rotor. I V f For the purpose of operating the lever 25 there is providecL-on the outer end thereof, a thumb piece 31. This-thumb piece is conveni'ently located for operation by the thumb of the'hand whichgrips the handle. After the handle has beenpressed it may he slipped longitudinally so that the notch 30 engages the pin 29 and remains in this position until released, and in this position the air passages are open for the operation of the rotor.

The foregoing is a description of the bandle section and the means by which the air is admitted to the rotor. The driving section is inclosed in a casing more or less cylindrical in shape, indicated by the numeral 32. The body of this part of the device is formed of one piece of metal, or cast together with the handle part.

The inner part of the cylindrical casing 32 has a reduced part 33. In the part of the cylinder near the handle there is located a circular bearing plate 34. This bearing plate is made of some suitable material, and has a holethrough the center thereof to receive the rotor shaft, hereinafter described. Extend ing from the circular bearing plate 341s a circular flange 35, which is adapted to fit within the reduced part 33 of the cylinder.

Immediately within the cylinder 32 there is a second cylinder 36, which might be called the operating cylinder, and is composed of any suitable material, so that it will resist wear. Between the cylinder-32 and the cylinider 36 there is a circumferential cavity,

which aids in the exhaust and also in deadening the exhaust sound. 3

On the other end of the cylinder 32, and fitting against the cylinder 36, is asecond '2 bearing plate 37. This bearing plate is held in engagement with the other part of the adjacent structure by meansof a screw threaded ring 38. The second bearing plate 37 is somewhat similar in structure to the bearing 2 plate 34, and has an opening therethrough for the reception and operation of the rotor shaft.

The two bearing plates .34 and 37, together with the cylinder 36, formthe cavity in which the rotor and the rotor shaft operate. The bearin plate 37 also has a"circular flange, similar to that on the bearing plate 34, and indicated by the numeral 39. These flanges on the bearingplates are circular and on the center of the bearing plates.

Extending through the openings in the bearing plates is a shaft 40 to which the rotor 42 is splined, as indicated by the numeral 41. The rotor is circular in shape and is adapted to rotate within the circular cylinder and in contact with one side. The rotor,

'The rotor '42 has on the circumference thereof a series of serrations, indicated by the numeral v42. These serrations are merely hollowed out cavities on the surface of the, rotor and may or may not extend the full length of the rotor.

The purpose of these serrations, construe ed as indicated in Figures 4 and 5, istoform surfaces against whichthe air impacts, as it enters into the cylinder to aid in the rotation of the rotor. These serrations need not be very deep, and are somewhat exaggerated in.

Figures 4 and 5.

On each end, or near each end of the rotor shaft there is. a bearingring 44. On the inside of each of the flanges 35 and 39 there" is a bearing plate 45. These bearing plates cooperate with each other to form a runway in which there is anti-friction means 46 in the shape of ball bearings. This structure is fully shown in Figures 2 and 3. 1 a

Leading from the air pass'age24 is an air passage 47 which leads into the cylinder 36. It is through this passage 47 that the compressed air passes to operate the rotor. In the rotor there is a series of radially arranged slots 48. There may be any number of these slots. In Figure 5 three are shown, while in Figure 4, five are shown. In each of these slots there is located a blade 49,

which is adapted to slide in and out in the slots 48 in contact with theinside surface of the cylinder 36; These blades are kept in contact with the surface of the cylinder by centrifu'gal force, due to the rapid rotation of the rotor 42. T r

After the air, which is admitted through 47, has completed its work by expanding and forcing the rotor to rotate, itspasses f out throughthe exhaust 50. as indicated in Figures4 and 5. These exhausts lead from the inside of the cylinder 36 into the space between the inner and outer cylinders.

There is shown extending through the longitudinal center of the shaft 40 the hole indicated by the numeral 51, for the purpose.

of conducting a lubricant from oneend of the shaft to the other. It is necessary in tools of this kind that they be well lubricated By means of this hole the lubricant can be con veyed from the driven, end of the implement,

through and around the parts of the driving element.

On one end the shaft 40 there is a gear,

indicated by the numeral 52, which is adapt-- with the driven element might be used, de-

Cylindrical cavity 63, which has therein a A of the shaft 61. Within this opening is a pending upon whether the connectionis to be director mediate.

The'driven part of the device is inclosed in a casing 53, which is attached to the driving part of the device by means of screws 54. The casing 53 has an opening on one side for the purpose of inserting the gearing that operates within the casing. This opening is closed by a plate or closure 53, as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 2. To one side of the casing inclosing the driven mechanism there is a small chamber 55, which houses intermediate gears 57 and 58 and shaft 56. This shaft has on one end thereofgear 57, which meshes with the gear 52 on the end of the rotor shaft 40. 7

There is also, in the center of this shaft 56, the second gear 58, which meshes with the gear 60. Thesh aft 56 is suitably mounted in bearings 59. These bearings are similar to those in connection with the rotor shaft 40. The gear 60 is mounted upon a shaft 61.

One end of this shaft is supported in suitadapted to receive over it a chuck member 65. The outer end of the casing 53 that houses the driven mechanism is formed in a cylindrical sleeve64. This cylindrical sleeve is permanently mounted in the casing and receives the barrel part of the chuck 65.

On the inside hollow end of the barrel chuck there is a clutch member66, which is adapted to engage and cooperate with a similar clutch member 67 on the gear 60. The opening in the barrel chuck is indicated .by the numeral 68 and receives the enlarged end spring 69 which engages the end of the en'-' larged part of 61, tending to hold the chuck ,member away and out of clutching engage-.

ment with the gear 60. The chuck is adapted to both rotate and have longitudinal motion on the shaft 61.

The outer end of the casing 53 is screw threaded and is adapted to receive thereon a screw threaded cap 71. There is adapted 60 to fit within the screw threaded cap 71 and resting upon the outer end of the casing 53 a ring member 70. When this ring member 70 is inserted within the cap 71 the space between the cap and the gear 60 is increased.

There is also formed on the chuck member 65 a shoulder 72. This shoulder rests against the end part ofthe cap 71 and is adapted to In the position as shown in'Figure 2 the" clutches are out of engagement with each other, and any operationof the rotor'wo'uld' not operate the clutch, but by pressing upon the handle the chuck member 65 is forced inwardly so that the clutches engage and the chuck member rotateswith the gear 60.

The advantage of this feature of the struc-' ture is that, by removing the pressure from the handle the clutch mechanism can be thrown out of gear and the tool ceases to rotate, yet the rotor still continues to rotate. But by removing the ring 7 O, as indicated in Figure 3, and placingvthe cap 71 so that the outer part of the cap engages the outer end of the casing 53 the space for the shoulder 72 is limited so that there is practically no play. In this structure the clutches are held in permanent relation to each other, and the clutches are operated atall times that the rotor. is operating. This is an interchangeable feature that makes this tool adaptable for different purposes, merely by the removal of the ring 70.

The numeral moving the ring 70, as shown in Figure 2.

When this ring 70 is removed the chuck mem ber has no longitudmal motion whatever,and

the clutches 66 and 67 are maintained in permanent engagement with each other.

The outer end of the chuck member 65'is provided with a tool-receiving hole 74-. Leading into this hole74 from the outside,

and through the side of the chuck member are openings 75, which are adapted to receive ball members 76. Fitting on the outside of the outer end of the chuck member is a cufl" member 77. This cuff member is adapted to have a limited amount of longitudinal motion on the chuck member, and is provided with a shoulder 78, which normally rest-s over the opening 75 and holds the balls in said openings and causes them to project-partly within the opening 74, where they perform the function of aiding in holding the tool J in the chuck.

The outer end of thechuck member is some 73 is used to designate a space formed by the cap member 71and the sleeve; '64: for permitting a limited degree of longitudinal movement of the chuck member 65.,

This space 73 may be made smaller by res become free from the shoulder 78 and drop back into a groove 81 in the cuff member. The purpose of this movement is to allow the tool to be entered into the opening at the end of the chuck. For this purpose the balls must be permitted to drop back out of line with the tool as it enters the chuck. For the purpose of limiting the outward movement of the cuff member there is provided a lock ring 82, near the outer end of the chuck.

When it is desired to operate a tool by a device as shown in Figure 2, the proper end of the tool is inserted into the end of the chuck member, after the cuff has been pushed inward so the balls may be displaced, and after the tool has been properly inserted in the chuck the cuff is permitted to move toward the end of the chuck and the balls drop into a groove in the tool and hold the tool in the chuck so that it cannot be easily displaced.

The device as shown in Figure 2 is used for driving nuts and screws, drilling, grinding, burring, etc. It is frequently necessary, in work of this kind, that the power he discon- 5 nected from the tool, and that is accomplished in the present device by simply moving the hand and removing the pressure from the tool so that through the spring 69 the clutches 66 and 67 are released from each other. As soon as this takes place the tool itself ceases to operate while the rotor is still operating. By a structure of this kind there might be effected a slight hammer action. A twenty-degree clutch gives a hammer action for screws, while a five-degree clutch is suitable for nuts and the like.

In the event that the device is to be used for emery wheels, buffers and the like the structure shown in Figure 3 is more acceptable. For this purpose there is especially shown the form in Figure 7. In Figure 7 the work shaft is shown to belong and connected directly to the rotor shaft. The work shaft in this figure is indicated by the numeral 83, which is connected to the rotor shaft by means of the tongue and groove structure 84:. On the outer end of the shaft 83 there is shown, in dotted lines, a buffer 85, or other tool of a similar nature.

In the structure shown in Figure 7 the rotation of the rotor is transmitted directly to the tool-engaging shaft, and there is no increase or decrease in the speed of rotation of the tool shaft over that of the rotor shaft.

This is unnecessary in cases where buffers or polishers are used. In this instance the desire is to have speed and a high degree of revolution rather than great power. There is also shown in Figure 7 the ordinary, conventional way of admitting air to the rotor.

In Figure 13 there is shown a modified form of air control which is adapted to be inserted in the place of air control shown in Figure 7. The air control shown in Figure 7 is the ordinary type and might be replaced by any suitable means.

In Figure 13 there is shown a form of poppet valve which is very efficient in accomplishing the purposes desired. This valve may be opened by pressing upon the head 86 with the thumb, and when the thumb is removed the valve immediately closes though there is no spring means for holding it in closed position. This is done because of the fact that the air pressure tending to close the valve is always greater than the pressure tending to open it, so that when the pressure on the head 86 is removed the valve immediately closes.

By means of these openings, by which 111- bricant can be supplied, the tool is kept in condition for operation at a high rate of speed. The part 87 permits of the lubricant being in serted in one end of the tool, while the part 88 permits the lubricant to be inserted in the other end of the tool.

There is also provided in the rotor chambers 5.1, in which lubricant is stored.

It is apparent from the foregoing description thata device is provided in which the parts are fewand relatively simple, and one in which the parts are provided with easy and efficient means for lubrication.

We desire to comprehend within our invention such modifications as maybe clearly embraced within our claims and the scope of our invention.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: V

1. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a valve controlled means for admitting air to said cylinder, a longitudinally movable lever for operating said valve, and means effective by the longitudinal movement of the lever for locking said lever in valve operating position including a lip on said lever anda coacting means to engage the lip.

2. In a pneumatic tool, a cylinder, a valve controlled means for admitting air to said cylinder, longitudinally movable means for operating said valve, and means effective by the longitudinal movement of the lever for locking said movable means in valve operating position, including a lip on the movable means and a pin. a

- In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures. 7 WILLIAM W. PRICE.

CHARLES W. RIPSGH. V 

